A Brief History Of Chromium Polynicotinate
Chromium is an essential trace element necessary for normalizing lipid and glucose levels and carbohydrate metabolism. The body uses chromium to breakdown carbohydrates in like manner as does insulin. In fact, a diet adequate in chromium will reduce the body's need to produce insulin and will lead to a normal blood lipid profile.[13,14]
Trivalent chromium is the name of the type of chromium that is found in foods and supplements.[1]
Only minimal amounts of chromium are needed to maintain proper health. Chromium is found in tuna, mackerel, shellfish, salmon, eggs, beef, poultry, apples, bananas, potatoes, whole grains, milk, dairy, broccoli and green beans.
The type of chromium called polynicotinate chromium is attached to nicotinic acid and is the most effective for bioavailability, meaning, it is more readily absorbed by the body.[3]
Trivalent chromium is the name of the type of chromium that is found in foods and supplements.[1]
Only minimal amounts of chromium are needed to maintain proper health. Chromium is found in tuna, mackerel, shellfish, salmon, eggs, beef, poultry, apples, bananas, potatoes, whole grains, milk, dairy, broccoli and green beans.
The type of chromium called polynicotinate chromium is attached to nicotinic acid and is the most effective for bioavailability, meaning, it is more readily absorbed by the body.[3]
1. CHROMIUM AND DIABETES *
In the following study, 10 patients with type II diabetes were given chromium supplements for 3 weeks and tested for blood sugar levels afterwards. [1]
It has been presumed that chromium may be necessary for increasing insulin reactionary efficiency and utilization in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein. See excerpt of the study below conducted on human models. [6]:
"Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by −0.6% (95% CI −0.9 to −0.2) and fasting glucose by −1.0 mmol/l (−1.4 to −0.5) but not lipids."[1]
Result: "Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes."[1]
It is required by legal reviews mandated by the FDA to include the following *disclaimer statement verbatim when discussing any diabetes and chromium study. Accordingly, the FDA notice states:
*"One small study suggests that chromium picolinate may reduce the risk of insulin resistance, and therefore possibly may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. FDA concludes, however, that the existence of such a relationship between chromium picolinate and either insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes is highly uncertain." [2]
In the following study, 10 patients with type II diabetes were given chromium supplements for 3 weeks and tested for blood sugar levels afterwards. [1]
It has been presumed that chromium may be necessary for increasing insulin reactionary efficiency and utilization in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein. See excerpt of the study below conducted on human models. [6]:
"Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by −0.6% (95% CI −0.9 to −0.2) and fasting glucose by −1.0 mmol/l (−1.4 to −0.5) but not lipids."[1]
Result: "Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes."[1]
It is required by legal reviews mandated by the FDA to include the following *disclaimer statement verbatim when discussing any diabetes and chromium study. Accordingly, the FDA notice states:
*"One small study suggests that chromium picolinate may reduce the risk of insulin resistance, and therefore possibly may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. FDA concludes, however, that the existence of such a relationship between chromium picolinate and either insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes is highly uncertain." [2]
2. WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Chromium polynicotinate is commonly sold as a sports supplement for muscle building support and weight control. Those claims do not go without controversy, as scientists on the topic have split into two camps, some yeah, some nay to the weight loss argument.
Most people who take chromium for weight management do it with the intentions of receiving blood sugar and hunger control benefits along with decreased food cravings. Chromium picolinate is the more recognizably absorbable type of chromium. It is thought to help reduce or suppress the appetite and food cravings by modulating the neurotransmitters of the brain that regulate mood, hunger and eating behavior. [12]
Scientists agree that chromium supplements are safe in moderate to moderately large doses. [6]
In support of chromium supplements for weight management, the following study is discussed a lot:
"The Effects Of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium (III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats."
In 2007, Chinese researchers gave rat models 300 micrograms of chromium a day for 6 weeks and monitored their subsequent body mass index indicators, and they published their findings in "Biological Trace Element Research."[6]:
The primary takeaway from the study is, the rats that received the chromium supplements showed a markedly larger increase in lean body mass and a more notable decrease in fat mass than rats in the control group without chromium supplementation. [6] More studies need to be done on humans.
Most people who take chromium for weight management do it with the intentions of receiving blood sugar and hunger control benefits along with decreased food cravings. Chromium picolinate is the more recognizably absorbable type of chromium. It is thought to help reduce or suppress the appetite and food cravings by modulating the neurotransmitters of the brain that regulate mood, hunger and eating behavior. [12]
Scientists agree that chromium supplements are safe in moderate to moderately large doses. [6]
In support of chromium supplements for weight management, the following study is discussed a lot:
"The Effects Of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium (III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats."
In 2007, Chinese researchers gave rat models 300 micrograms of chromium a day for 6 weeks and monitored their subsequent body mass index indicators, and they published their findings in "Biological Trace Element Research."[6]:
The primary takeaway from the study is, the rats that received the chromium supplements showed a markedly larger increase in lean body mass and a more notable decrease in fat mass than rats in the control group without chromium supplementation. [6] More studies need to be done on humans.
3. DEPRESSION AND MOOD
According to recent experimentation and clinical studies antidepressant activity after chromium supplementation was done on subjects with affective disorders and atypical depression (the type of depression associated with uncontrollable eating habits, carbohydrate cravings, increased appetite and consequential weight gain). The promising results of the study indicated an antidepressant effect, that researchers believe were the result of a normalizing (or lowering) of insulin sensitivity and this may help to control appetite. [7]
Studies on chromium supplementation further reveal increased neurotransmitter activity by contributing to insulin sensitivity (where the body relies on less insulin to metabolize sugar).
The two neurotransmitters increases are as follows:
Studies on chromium supplementation further reveal increased neurotransmitter activity by contributing to insulin sensitivity (where the body relies on less insulin to metabolize sugar).
The two neurotransmitters increases are as follows:
- Serotonin synthesis. Chromium is believed to catalyze insulin initiated transport when its precursor tryptophan crosses the blood-brain barrier first prior to serotonin synthesis. (Fernstrom, 1976; McCarthy, 1994)
- Noreprinephrine release. Potential antidepressant activity in the brain occurs as a direct result of the release of norepinephrine following chromium intake. (Liu and Lin, 1997)
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References
IMAGE CREDITS
istock.com, Cynthia Trethewey, and clipart-library.com
CHROMIUM
[1] https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/8/2154
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(III)_picolinate
[3] https://www.chicagotribune.com/consumer-reviews/sns-bestreviews-wellness-the-best-chromium-supplement-20191205-axz4bdhatvhnboxcnyzc4psh54-story.html
[4] https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/chromium-polynicotinate-7594.html
[5] https://www.superiorsupplementmfg.com/chromium-polynicotinate-metabolism-booster/
[6] "The Effects Of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium (III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats" Halina Staniek. Zbigniew Krejpcio. Received: 29 December 2016 /Accepted: 23 February 2017 / Published online: 10 March 2017. (copyright) The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314486804_The_Effects_of_Supplementary_Cr3_ChromiumIII_Propionate_Complex_on_the_Mineral_Status_in_Healthy_Female_Rats/download
[7] http://accurateclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Second-tier-natural-antidepressants-Review-and-critique-2010.pdf
[8] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21893411_The_Effect_of_Nutritional_Factors_on_Brain_Amino_Acid_Levels_and_Monoamine_Synthesis
[9] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15361235_Enhancing_central_and_peripheral_insulin_activity_as_a_strategy_for_the_treatment_of_endogenous_depression_-_An_adjuvant_role_for_chromium_picolinate
[10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14189544_Biphasic_effects_of_chromium_compounds_on_catecholamine_secretion_from_bovine_adrenal_medullary_cells
[11] https://www.webmd.com/diet/supplement-guide-chromium#1
[12] https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/appetite-suppressants#TOC_TITLE_HDR_13
[13] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158851/
[14] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7010598/
More Research Links:
https://www.rxlist.com/chromium/supplements.htm
https://www.luckyvitamin.com/blog/food-supplements/vitamins-and-minerals/chromium-polynicotinate-vs-picolinate/
istock.com, Cynthia Trethewey, and clipart-library.com
CHROMIUM
[1] https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/8/2154
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(III)_picolinate
[3] https://www.chicagotribune.com/consumer-reviews/sns-bestreviews-wellness-the-best-chromium-supplement-20191205-axz4bdhatvhnboxcnyzc4psh54-story.html
[4] https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/chromium-polynicotinate-7594.html
[5] https://www.superiorsupplementmfg.com/chromium-polynicotinate-metabolism-booster/
[6] "The Effects Of Supplementary Cr3 (Chromium (III) Propionate Complex) on the Mineral Status in Healthy Female Rats" Halina Staniek. Zbigniew Krejpcio. Received: 29 December 2016 /Accepted: 23 February 2017 / Published online: 10 March 2017. (copyright) The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314486804_The_Effects_of_Supplementary_Cr3_ChromiumIII_Propionate_Complex_on_the_Mineral_Status_in_Healthy_Female_Rats/download
[7] http://accurateclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Second-tier-natural-antidepressants-Review-and-critique-2010.pdf
[8] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21893411_The_Effect_of_Nutritional_Factors_on_Brain_Amino_Acid_Levels_and_Monoamine_Synthesis
[9] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15361235_Enhancing_central_and_peripheral_insulin_activity_as_a_strategy_for_the_treatment_of_endogenous_depression_-_An_adjuvant_role_for_chromium_picolinate
[10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14189544_Biphasic_effects_of_chromium_compounds_on_catecholamine_secretion_from_bovine_adrenal_medullary_cells
[11] https://www.webmd.com/diet/supplement-guide-chromium#1
[12] https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/appetite-suppressants#TOC_TITLE_HDR_13
[13] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158851/
[14] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7010598/
More Research Links:
https://www.rxlist.com/chromium/supplements.htm
https://www.luckyvitamin.com/blog/food-supplements/vitamins-and-minerals/chromium-polynicotinate-vs-picolinate/
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There are no income claims being made as a result of anyone partaking in the Café Utopia business opportunity. You could make some money or no money at all. This information is for educational purposes only and never to be given or received as medical or financial advice. Cindy Trethewey and CoffeeQueen.Biz do not assume liability or responsibility for the use and/or misuse of this information.
There are no income claims being made as a result of anyone partaking in the Café Utopia business opportunity. You could make some money or no money at all. This information is for educational purposes only and never to be given or received as medical or financial advice. Cindy Trethewey and CoffeeQueen.Biz do not assume liability or responsibility for the use and/or misuse of this information.
